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    Dianne Jacob is the author of Will Write for Food: The Complete Guide to Writing Cookbooks, Blogs,  Reviews, Memoir, and More...
 
 
 
 

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Write Better Recipes: Avoid the Seven Most Common Recipe Writing Errors

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In the last week, I’ve been editing recipes for two books by food bloggers. Both have short deadlines, and I’ve been working long hours.

That’s okay. It’s so much fun to see such creativity and invention, to fantasize about which recipes I’m going to try, and –- yes -– to nitpick. Such is the job of an editor.


Fresh bread

For one book, I make comments in pen and add little colored stickies to the paper copy. For the other, I make comments using Track Changes within the Word document.

And here’s what I’m finding: errors and inelegant phrasings. I thought you might want to know about  the most common mistakes. First though, let’s review the terminology: The list of ingredients is called (funnily enough) the “ingredients list,” and the directions are called the “method.” The mistakes:

1. Ingredients out of order. This is by far the biggest error. List ingredients in the order of use. If the first thing you’ll do is saute the onions, don’t list the  steak first, even if it’s the star of the recipe.

2. Missing ingredients. Make sure you use every item in your ingredients list, in order. Otherwise you’ll get a little note that says, “What were you planning to do with the lime zest?” Similarly, if you refer to an ingredient in the method, make sure it’s in your ingredients list.

3. Wrong amounts. I saw a recipe for 30 cookies that called for 2 1/2 pounds of flour (10 cups) and 3 cups of honey. I don’t think so.

I’ve also seen measurements in the ingredient list that don’t match the amount called for in the method. Not that you should be calling for amounts in the method most of the time anyway. (See next item about when to do so.)

4. Overuse of  the term “divided” in the ingredients list. “Divided” comes into play when you use an ingredient more than once. But it’s such an imprecise word, and recipe writing is all about precision. “Divided” doesn’t tell the reader anything other than that they will have to pay attention when it comes to using the ingredient.

And as we know, readers don’t pay full attention. Hell, most of them don’t even read the whole recipe first. I’m guilty, too. How many times have I dumped in all the sugar, only to read later that I need a “remaining” half cup? (Don’t ask.) Here are a few workarounds:

  • Use subheads. Let’s say you’re making a steak salad. You’re using vinegar twice: once when marinating the steak and once when making the salad dressing. Use subheads such as “Marinade” and “Dressing” so you can give the appropriate amount of vinegar for each use.
  • State just the ingredient, not the amount. Let’s say you use salt and pepper three times: once when seasoning the meat, then in the marinade, then add it at the end for flavoring. Just say “salt and freshly-ground pepper”  in the ingredients list. Give amounts in the method.
  • State both amounts, starting with the largest. Such as “1/2 cup olive oil + more to grease the pan.”

If you must use “1/2 cup vinegar, divided,” state the first amount in the method (1/4 cup vinegar). Write “remaining” 1/4 cup of vinegar” when you use it the second time. The word “remaining” has a purpose. It alerts people like me that it’s time to swear.

5. Listing water as an ingredient. If you're just using water out of the tap, such as to boil pasta, just bring it up in the method and state the amount. 

6. Calling for prepped ingredient in both ingredient list and method. If the ingredients list says “Grated Parmesan,” there’s no reason to say “Grate Parmesan over pizza” at the end of the method.

7. Saying “season to taste” when it’s not the right time to taste it. If your pasta sauce simmers for two hours, it won’t help readers to season it beforehand. Also don’t

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CherylK 5 pts

First of all..."Hi, Moe!!!!!" This is the first time I've run across you on BlogHer - yay!

Second...I love seeing recipes by people who do their own photography. I have to admit that I've used a Flickr photo or two on my Squidoo pages (not on my blog, tho) but most of the time I take my own photo the very next time I make a recipe and then replace the "faux" pic.

"If you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn't lead anywhere"

Lake Mary Musings ( http://www.lakemarymusings.com )

DianneJacob 5 pts

Sometimes food stylists are trying to perk up the recipe. Then the recipe writer should adjust the photo to mention it. I had to do this several times when I worked on a cookbook with a chef.

Keeping the ingredients in order isn't just helpful, it's a must!

lisalawless 5 pts

One little pet peeve I have is when there is a photo that shows a sauce or garnish that's not mentioned in the recipe. It may be completely optional, but if it's shown, I'd like to know what the ingredients were and/or how it was made.

And, keeping the ingredient list in the order in which items are used is so helpful. That's a must!

lisa from lisa is cooking

http://lisaiscooking.blogspot.com/ 

DianneJacob 5 pts

Yes, this is one of the problems with cookbooks. Many people are involved in a shoot. For the cookbook I authored with a chef, Grilled Pizzas and Piadinas, the chef, editor, art director, photographer, photographer's assistant, food stylist, and prop stylist were all on hand.

You might be better off looking at photos from cooking blogs. You know the blogger photographed it at home, right before eating it.

DianneJacob 5 pts

Isn't that amazing! To me it just shows that the recipe writer is too lazy to measure.

DianneJacob 5 pts

Yes, I am working on an international cookbook right now where I need to convert the measurements to US imperial. That's what's so good about the web -- you can type in such things as "150 grams = how many pounds" and get an answer, or calculate one.

Agree with measurements for dessert spoon or teacup. In the US, a cup is always 8 ounces. But bottle, that's a good one. We do not use that term!

Recipes calling for packages, cans, jars, etc. must say the size. Sometimes I can look up the size of missing items online, but not always.

These are great pet peeves!

DianneJacob 5 pts

Wow, this is the first time I am hearing about a layer cake where the layers cook at different speeds. That's some kind of freaky recipe.

Yeah, timing is one of the most complicated parts of trying to get a meal on the table. Bad recipe writing doesn't help.

biggirlblue 5 pts

No such thing as too much chocolate. :D

Seriously, I guess one of the things that irritates me the most are picture perfect images that the average cook can't compete with. I followed a recipe the other day and the cooked result looked nothing like the image. And no matter how many times I redid it, it never would. On further inspection of the image it was like some of the ingredients didn't even looked cooked because they looked better. When I look at an image I want to see what my creation is going to look like not what it could look like with a team of cooks making it for a picture.

Moe
M.E. Wood lens ( http://www.squidoo.com/mewood ), Large and Lovely ( http://largeandlovely.bellaonline.com ), Five Favorite Things ( http://www.plusshe.com )

CherylK 5 pts

This is a great post especially for those of us who only occasionally post a recipe. Will take note of these useful tips and of those in the comments, as well. Thanks!

"If you find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesn't lead anywhere"

Lake Mary Musings ( http://www.lakemarymusings.com )

CrystalsCozyKitchen 5 pts

It always bugs me when a recipe says to season to taste when it is at the raw meat stage!

CrystalsCozyKitchen

http://crystalscozykitchen.blogspot.com

LMAshton 5 pts

My biggest problem with recipes is in the units of measure. Consider the two Sri Lankan cookbooks I have and the units that have baffled me...

-dessertspoons - I learned that a dessertspoon is equal to two teaspoons.

-teacup - it can be equal to 5 or 6 ounces. More or less. Depending...

-cup - a cup here can be anywhere from 140ml to 200ml. In the US, it's generally around 235 or 240ml. (Personally, I prefer metric units of measure - they're much more consistent, you know? :)) I didn't know for the longest time that a local cup varied so much.

-bottle - after much research, I got a response from ever-helpful Sri Lankans on Twitter that a bottle is equal to 700ml. It's from a bottle of arrack, a local alcoholic beverage.

I really really really really hate recipes that indicate a package or a bag - as in icing sugar for a frosting recipe. Or a can, such as sweetened condensed milk or tomatoes or... Your bag or package or can may not be the same size as my bag or package or can. In fact, it most likely isn't. Here, we have two sizes of sweetened condensed milk cans, for example.

Laurie in Sri Lanka

Chilli & Chocolate ( http://food.laurieashton.com ) | A Canadian in King Parakramabahu's Court ( http://srilanka.laurieashton.com ) ] Photos by LMAshton ( http://photos.lmashton.com ) |

Keira 5 pts

Thanks for this, they are useful reminders.

Something that bugs me is the separation of parts in recipes with more than one part, without mentioning timing. An example is a layered bake, where one layer takes ten minutes and another takes 30.

I understand that they get separated to make it easy to figure out which pot to put the cheese in, but i hate hate hate realising too late that my sauce is going to be cold by the time something else is ready.

DianneJacob 5 pts

Oh yes, that's a good one! Someone is not copy editing those recipes closely enough. And sometimes they are listed in the ingredients list and not discussed in the method.

There are all kinds of challenges when it comes to writing recipes!

DianneJacob 5 pts

Yeah, that's a tough one. For sure, no need to say "to taste" in the ingredients list.

Most recipes are written for beginners in the kitchen, so I like your idea of listing starting points. They can always add more.

And yes, I believe that salt and pepper are a big thing. Using the right amount of both makes a huge difference in a dish -- but I can only say that as someone who cooks all the time. I don't think beginning cooks know that.

DianneJacob 5 pts

Re the water ingredient, do you measure out how much water to boil for pasta? Most cookbooks do not give a measurement. They say "bring a pot of water to a boil."

Sometimes it's good to list water when it's an integral part of a recipe, such as when you dump 10 ingredients into a slow cooker, and water is one of them.

It's a controversial subject, apparently!

Re yield, oh yeah, I could go on and on about it and a whole bunch of other recipe writing subjects.

Sugar_Mama 5 pts

I can not stand when a recipe lists ingredients and then says something like:

"stir in milk and cheese"

When milk and cheese were not listed.

This is a very common flaw in church cookbooks, which always makes me hesitant to use the recipes.

Sugar_Mama

http://dailydoseofsugarmama.com

Joannes Place 5 pts

This was really helpful, thank you.

SCanon 5 pts

I just realized that a part of my comment may be seen as catty of snotty and that's not at all how I meant it! My main point is that I rather like the "to taste" part. I'm actually getting a giggle from picturing some of my recipes stating:
-Salt and pepper (Til it tastes nummy)
I may do that anyhow. My food blog isn't a serious gourmet blog. My readers would like it :)
Somer blogs at Merry Wife of Canon ( http://www.merrywifeofcanon.com ) as well as Smell My Plate ( http://www.smellmyplate.com ).

SCanon 5 pts

I am actually guilty of writing the "to taste" tidbit in my recipes. I know that for most of us it's a given that you're going to season until your palate is satisfied. I just keep worrying that someone is going to write in and yell at me about not saying HOW MUCH salt and pepper to use. So if there are people who go into spasms over the phrase "to taste" perhaps I should just dumb it down and say "Til it tastes nummy!" I also write recipes for beginners in the kitchen and sometimes I like to recommend starting points on where to go with salt and pepper. I started my food blog for two people in particular and they actually need that sort of guidance as they are really intimidated by cooking and baking. Believe it or not, things as simple as salt and pepper are a big thing to people who are not quite at home cooking and are deathly afraid of messing up.
Somer blogs at Merry Wife of Canon ( http://www.merrywifeofcanon.com ) as well as Smell My Plate ( http://www.smellmyplate.com ).

JennaHatfield 10 pts

I was just kvetching about "season to taste" the other day. I hate that. A lot. Makes me twitchy.

I disagree with the water thing. I want it listed so I can set EVERYTHING out before I start in on the recipe. I pour everything into measuring cups before hand so I have it in reach. I do this with my dry ingredients, too. Leave water in the list.

And one you missed: not telling the yield. A certain big shot didn't write a single yield for any recipe in a certain book of hers that featured tasty, little cakes. That's information I need to know when I'm baking!

Jenna Hatfield (@FireMom ( http://twitter.com/FireMom )), from Stop, Drop and Blog ( http://stopdropandblog.com ) and The Chronicles of Munchkin Land ( http://thechroniclesofmunchkinland.com ), is a freelance writer and newspaper photographer.

DianneJacob 5 pts

We are in agreement! Yes, please list the ingredients as needed in the recipe, pre-measured and ready to go most of the time.

When stating salt and pepper, do not add "to taste" as that will be covered in the method.

Betty McCormick 5 pts

Thank you for the advice on writing recipes. I will have to rewrite some of mine.

Betty

SCanon 5 pts

I'd like to politely disagree on one thing. Unless I am misunderstanding (and that it completely possible) I think that at the top of the recipe in the ingredients list it is absolutely appropriate to list the amounts needed of each ingredient as the ingredients are listed. Of course, things such as salt and pepper which are usually done to taste anyway need not have an amount listed especially if you use them more than once. However, in baking and in fast cooking dishes like stir fry, it is more convenient to have all of the ingredients pre-measured and ready to go before starting the method. If the amounts are listed alongside the ingredients at the top list-style, it makes the whole process faster and easier.
I love these other recommendations.
Somer blogs at Merry Wife of Canon ( http://www.merrywifeofcanon.com ) as well as Smell My Plate ( http://www.smellmyplate.com ).