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Even before they begin reading, kids at risk for dyslexia (such as through a family history of dyslexia) show no increase in activity in the frontal brain regions when performing tasks requiring sound structures of words. (Children with dyslexia have been shown to struggle when mapping oral sounds to written language.)
This particular study followed 36 preschoolers (average age was 5.5, which actually seemed more like kindergarten to me) and found that even the at-risk kids (those with a family history of dyslexia) who had a lot of activity in that brain region had better pre-reading skills. But the kids who had poor pre-reading skills had no increased activity in the frontal brain regions.
So what's the point of a dyslexia marker? Early intervention. Right now, dyslexia isn't typically diganosed until third grade. But parents who can show early markers may be able to get interventions for their child much earlier in their education.
Here's the study:
